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Performance requirements
Resistance to thermal cracking
Generally, the main requirements for roughing rolls are strength and resistance to thermal cracking; the working rolls of a small 20-roll mill weigh only about 100 grams, while the supporting rolls of a wide strip mill weigh over 200 tons. When selecting rolls, the basic strength requirements of the mill are first considered to select the main material with safe load-bearing capacity (various grades of cast iron, cast steel, or forged steel, etc.).
Hardness
Finishing rolls, however, operate at higher speeds, and the final product requires a certain surface quality; therefore, hardness and wear resistance are the main requirements. Then, the wear resistance required during roll usage is considered. Because the wear mechanism of rolls is very complex, including mechanical stress, thermal effects during rolling, cooling effects, chemical effects of lubricating media, and other effects, there is no unified index for comprehensively evaluating the wear resistance of rolls. Since hardness is easy to measure and can reflect wear resistance under certain conditions, the radial hardness curve is generally used to approximately express the wear resistance index of rolls.
Impact resistance
In addition, there are some special requirements for rolls. For example, when the reduction is large, the rolls are required to have strong bite ability and high impact resistance;
Surface finish
When rolling thin products, the requirements for roll rigidity, uniform organizational properties, processing accuracy, and surface finish are stricter;
Machinability
When rolling shaped steel with complex cross-sections, the machinability of the roll working layer must also be considered.
When selecting rolls, some performance requirements for rolls are often contradictory, and the purchase and maintenance costs of rolls are very expensive, so the technical and economic advantages and disadvantages should be fully weighed to determine whether to use cast or forged, alloy or non-alloy, single material or composite material.
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